Corn, beans, squash, and cotton could all be planted in the same mound, so that each plant provided the others with nutrients and weed protection.
#HOHOKAM INDIANS SERIES#
Like other North American Indians, the Hohokam probably planted their crops in a series of small earth mounds. They may also have used broken pieces of pottery as hand shovels.
The Indian's only agricultural tools were sharp, wooden digging sticks and handheld hoes made from thin rock slabs.
They also built rock terraces and check dams on hill slopes and in washes to catch rainfall runoff. In parts of the basin where floodplains were not available, the Hohokam farmed at the mouths of arroyos. The Indians probably also dug short irrigation ditches, to direct water to crops grown on the floodplain. The rivers at that time were shallow, meandering streams they were not deeply entrenched as they are now.
In contrast, the Tucson Basin people practiced floodwater farming that is, they planted crops in the floodplains of the rivers which flooded their banks after major storms. In the Gila and Salt River valleys, the Indians built a complex system of canals, to lead water from the rivers to their fields above the floodplain. Hohokam villagers grew cotton and corn, as well as several types of beans and squash. Is a beautiful statue that is now located at Mesa Grande Cultural Park.Agriculture of the Hohokam Indian AUTHOR: Linda M. Hohokam, by Antonio Pazzi, gift of Dennis R. Try your hand at this 3-D mammoth puzzle. The displays give you the opportunity to walk though replicas of Hohokam dwellings, and glimpse artifacts used in daily activities, such as cotton weaving, jewelry manufacture, pottery making, hunting activities, food preparation and storage. 1450, the Hohokam used water from the Salt River to irrigate over 110,000 acres in the phoenix area. By the end of the Classic Period, circa A.D. Individual canals measured up to 45 feet across and 15 feet deep and used advanced engineering principles. The Hohokam built the largest irrigation systems in the prehistoric New World. A series of individual pithouses were arranged around a rectangular courtyard where daily activities took place. The soil surrounding the house provided insulation from the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter months. These structures were constructed in pits that were dug into the ground. The pithouse was the traditional home for a Hohokam family. The ceramic timeline dramatically displays how ceramics changed through time in the Hohokam, Anasazi and Mogollon cultures. The later prehistoric cultures in the southwest are known for their ceramic art. Small bands of people moved seasonally across the landscape gathering wild plants and hunting animals. These peoples had an intimate knowledge of the plants and animals around them and lived a hunting and gathering way of life. The Archaic or Desert Cultures represent the longest span of human occupation in Arizona, dating from 10,000 years ago to A.D. Several famous Paleoindian sites dating from 13,500 to 10,000 years ago have been found along the San Pedro River in southern Arizona. The first native people of the American Southwest are the Paleoindian cultures, the Clovis and Folsom people who hunted the large ice-age mammals such as the mammoth, mastadon and ground sloth. The gallery presents displays of prehistoric artifacts and replicas of Hohokam homes excavated by museum archaeologists in the Mesa area. The Southwest Gallery presents information on the ancient cultures of central Arizona from the Paleoindian hunters who arrived around 13,500 years ago to the advanced irrigation systems of the Hohokam farmers that operated until A.D.
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